The Realm of Sisterhood in Mary Leapor’s Poetry Essay -- Biography Bio

The Realm of Sisterhood in Mary Leapors Poetry For a woman writer to be read by her peers in 18th century England was somewhat unusual. For this woman to procure some kind of living from her writing was even more remarkable. But for such a woman to rent both these accomplishments, with writings attacking the very state of women no less, was extraordinary. Yet Mary Leapor was this woman. Not only did she herself defy society in remaining unwedded for the whole of her short life, but she also took up the call to fight for women everywhere. Her answer to the oppression of society was to find solace in the bonds of sisterhood. The radicalism of Leapors rise has long been a source of discrepancy for her critics, and there exists a wide array of interpretations. The headway lies within the definition of the female relationships she so wholeheartedly promotes. The variable interpretations include everything ranging from Leapor as promoting lesbianism, to simply prom oting good female friendships. Adrienne Rich termed this range of womanly bonds the lesbian continuum, and explains it as the inclusive realm between consciously desired genital sexual experience with another woman, and the sharing of a rich inner life, the bonding against male tyranny, the giving and receiving of practical and political support (51). The question remains where does Leapor belong on this continuum? Critic Donna Landry places Leapor in the realm of replacing heterosexual union with something closer to homosexual tendencies, while Richard Greene offers a far more platonic view of things. In applying Richs tenets of a range, it is possible to read Leapor as somewhere between Landry and Green, and as enco... ...ress, 1995.Greene, Robert. Mary Leapor A remove in Eighteenth-Century Womens Poetry. New York Oxford University Press Inc., 1993.Harris, Jocelyn. Sappho, Souls, and the Salic Law of Wit. Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France, and German y. Ed by Alan Charles Kors and Paul J. Korshin. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987.Landry, Donna. Mary leapor Laughs at the Fathers. The Muses of Resistance labour Class Womens Poetry in Britain, 1739-1796. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1990. 78-119.Rich, Adrienne. Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence. Blood, Bread, and Poetry Selected Prose 1979-1985. New York W.W. Norton & Company, 1986.Wahl, Elizabeth Susan. Invisible relations Representations of Female Intimacy in the epoch of Englightenment. Stanford Stanford University Press, 1999.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

In this day and age, it seems as though almost every whizz has experience a loved one taken away form a very serious unsoundness known as Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers disease is unbelievably devastating for everyone alter by it. This disease is causing major economical problems such as less occupancy in the nursing homes, and hospitals due to the rising population of time-honored men and women being diagnosed with it everyday. Because there is not yet a cure for this disease and the percent of the population being diagnosed keeps rapidly rising, more time and money needs to go towards Alzheimers research.Alzheimers disease is a form of dementia which is a mental capacity disorder that impairs mental functioning. Dementia attacks the part of the brain which controls memory, language, and thought. It makes everyday tasks like remembering to brushing your teeth, or to pay your bills next to impossible to do, which is why so many people who ar diagnosed with this disease are in c omplete care. This disease has different phases, the first being slight forgetfulness and then the persons emotions may heighten as well as language impairment, convulsive outbursts, loss of bladder control and from there it keeps getting worse until complete dysfunction of the brain occurs and eventually death, which most of the time is the result of infection. Alzheimers disease got its name from the German doctor, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, he noticed that there were abnormal clumps and bundles of fibers i...

A Career in Graphic Arts Essay -- Careers Jobs Artistic Essays

A C atomic number 18er in Graphic ArtsA c beer in bright design is perfect for a creative individual who has a sense of design. A graphic designer is one who creates ideas that are expressed in words and/or pictures, and generally solves problems of optical communication, says Paul Rand, a professional designer (23). Employment in this profession is projected to increase 29% by the year 2006, which is the highest of any career concord to a study done by the American Institute of the Graphic Arts (3). A graphic designer may work in a variety of places including a large firm or corporation, a specific design agency, a magazine or newspaper, or even in his possess home as a freelance designer. There are few specific requirements needed to be involved in graphic design. However, there are similar traits and qualities that most designers generally possess, including training, knowledge of specific elements, using criticism positively, and a keen eye for color and balance. The cost of b eing a graphic designer must also be factored in. Graphic design is a career that offers a creative outlet but can be instead disagreeable, which is why designers must be cooperative and work well with others. A dexterous designer knows how to use criticism positively. Oftentimes criticism is what makes a bite of art better. Depending on the project, job duties may include designing and preparing layouts, sketching out ideas, arranging the materials needed, or putting together the final image. Since there may be different requirements for each client, a graphic designer (on average) should clear the superpower to be spontaneous and creative and work well under pressure and stressful in situations. DO NOT be a designer if you stress out easily says Steve Jones (interview). In many cases a designer has deadlines which may non be negotiated with his clients, and therefore he must work productively. There is also the downside of creating an image that is not accepted by the client the designer must consequently discuss what is wrong with it and perhaps start over. Any job becomes creative when the doer cares about doing it right, or doing it better. (Borenstein) Certain clients leave the project completely open-ended and up to the designer, while others have a specific idea in mind. It is important for the designer to remember that he is creating a piece of work for individual elses liking, and it... ...e final product will be worth it. As any artist knows, the cost of supplies adds up fast. The image(s) can either be interpreted from a photograph, a sketch, a painting, or any other type of art. There is also the need for access to a computer, scanner, and printer. Computer programs that are specifically designed for the graphic arts can be quite costly, such as Photoshop (about $600). In order to produce a nice piece of work, these materials are necessary. Other computer programs include Quark, Adobe Illustrator, and Corel Draw. In order to be a leading designer in the future, individuals in the profession must have the ability to come up with original and unique ideas. One who enjoys preparing layouts for school projects or arranging art into a final composition would excel in the graphic design field. Not anyone can be a graphic designer only those who accept responsibility and have a natural ability in design will enjoy this career. Modern-day designers will be the leaders of the next millennium and will produce the designs that will be seen for age to come. The opportunities as a graphic artist are endless.BibliographyPaul Rand American Institute of the Graphic Arts

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? Essay -- Essays Papers

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? The United States new claim in todays creation of propaganda and mind-warping media is that The War on Terrorism = The War on Drugs. Recently simple anti-drug slogans have been manipulated into aggressively and often erroneously exaggerated media assaults. (planetpapers.com) The United States claims that each person can help fight act of terrorism by choosing not to buy or use illicit drugs, and the government itself can help fight terrorism by implementing a more effective War on Drugs throughout the country. They claim that illicit drugs be the major monetary support of terrorist groups throughout the world, which in some respects is correct. Due to this claim, teenagers and drug users across the United States are seen as supporting these terrorists through their purchase and consumption of illicit drugs. The government has right away stooped so low as to blame our own children for terrorism.The United States gover nments claim, that if a person buys or uses illicit drugs then they are supporting terrorism, is outrageous and utterly false. President Bush claims, Its so important for Americans to know that the traffic in drugs finances the work of terror, sustaining terrorists, that terrorists use drug scratch to fund their cells to commit acts of murder. If you quit drugs, you join the fight against terror in America. (peacecouncil.net) This is false because many of the illicit drugs existence bought and consumed by the citizens of this country are being produced here in the U.S., so the purchase of these drugs cannot possibly be contributing to terrorism. Another reason why this claim is false is that many of the drugs being consumed in the U.S. are imported from count... .... advertisement and other propaganda to try and cover up their failures, and this should not be tolerated by the people of this country. Something involve to change and responsibility needs to be taken up.Bibliog raphyTruth. Drugs and Terrorism. http//www.theantidrugwar.com. Hess, Michael. Mass Media Helps Distort Terrorism / Drugs Link. http//bbsnews.net/bw2002-02-05.html. 02/05/02Coretnor. A War on Drugs Becomes a War on Terrorism. http//www.planetpapers.com/Assets/4989.php. Sept. 27, 2002Anonymous Stoner. A toke from the Superbowl. http//smokedot.org/ narration/2002/2/4/1834/18948. 02/04/02Bovard, James. The Bush Administrations Drugs = Terrorism Fraud. http//www.fff.org/comment/com0204f.asp. April 2002Moeller, Emily. The War on Drugs and Terrorism Madison Avenue Enlists. http//www.peacecouncil.net/709MadisonAve.htm

written communication Essay example -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION.Man is an animal that lives in language as a fish lives in water and so written communication is equitable one of the ways that man can survive through (English scholar Annie Dillard). Writing is a skill to give nurture. Like all skills, it is not indwelling and so it needs to be learnt. To give information you need good communication skills including the ability to write simply, clearly and concisely (Harris & Cunningham, 1996).QUESTION A.Delineate the routine of written communication, giving reasons for your answers.Different people have different reasons as to why they write. Some people write for their own private reasons or to defecate their own individual goals. An example of this private writing is exploratory writing. This is writing ideas that you do not want others to see. Introductory writing where you vindicate write on a topic, before composing what you want to say. Examples of writing to explore a topic include keeping a journal, which helps one to t ake down information that will help him recollect and investigate ideas for a future write up.Another purpose in written communication may be to drop dead something that happened, or narrating an experience to a reader. This is referred to as writing to reconstruct experience. To make the experience more vivid and interesting to a reader, you should give specific details, habit concrete language (words that create a specific image in the mind of your reader for example slowly tip-toe) and use of analogies (comparison words, for example hard as a rock). Examples of this purpose of writing include - a witness writes a police statement to describe an occurrence. Or writers who write novels or books describing a original story they experienced.In most of our lives, we learn from those who can teach. Experienced elders or specialists teach us how to live, conduct ourselves, relate to one another and survive in different environments. My first day in USIU I was handed a student handboo k which had all the rules and information about the university. That handbook was written with a purpose which was to instruct and advice. The purpose of instructions from this type of writing is to explain to readers about something or what they should do.Another purpose for writing is to inform. Information is power. In straight offs society people need a lot of information to perform, thus making information qui... ...in formulating a written message. They are - plan the message, free writing major points, compose your message and lastly evaluate your message in that order.REFERENCES.Hartley, P. (1996). social communication. New York Routledge.Denny, R. (2002). Communicate to win. London Kogan Page Ltd.Verderber, S. K., & Verderber, F. R. (1976). Interact Interpersonal Communication Skills. California Wadsworth Publishing Co.Wolvin, A. & Coackley, C.G. (1996). Listening (5th Ed.). Dubuque I.A. Brown & Benchmark.Hartel, C.W. & Schwartz, W.S. (1994). Ready for the real world sen ior experience. Belmont, California Wadsworth Publishing company.Fielding, M. (1997). Effective Communication on organizations, second edition, South Africa The Rustica Press. Gibson, J.W. & Hodgetts, R. (1991). Organization communication A Managerial Perspective. New York Harper Collins Publishers.Chandler, F.G. (1995). Fundamentals of Business Communication. Richard D. Irwin Inc. Bienvenu, S. & Timm, P. R. (2002). Business Communication, Developing Strategy and Skills. Prentice Hall.Harris, J. & Cunningham, H.D. (1996). look at to writing. New Jersey Prentice hall.

written communication Essay example -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION.Man is an animal that lives in language as a fish lives in water and so write conference is just superstarness of the ways that man can survive through (English scholar Annie Dillard). Writing is a skill to give information. equivalent all skills, it is not inborn and so it needs to be learnt. To give information you need good communication skills including the ability to relieve simply, clearly and presently (Harris & Cunningham, 1996).QUESTION A.Delineate the purpose of written communication, giving reasons for your answers.Different people have different reasons as to why they write. Some people write for their confess private reasons or to attain their own individual goals. An example of this private authorship is exploratory musical composition. This is writing ideas that you do not want others to see. Introductory writing where you free write on a topic, before composing what you want to say. Examples of writing to explore a topic include keeping a journ al, which helps one to take down information that will help him recollect and investigate ideas for a future write up.Another purpose in written communication may be to communicate something that happened, or narrating an experience to a reader. This is referred to as writing to reconstruct experience. To make the experience more vivid and interesting to a reader, you should give specific details, design concrete language (words that create a specific image in the mind of your reader for example slowly tip-toe) and use of analogies (comparison words, for example hard as a rock). Examples of this purpose of writing include - a witness writes a police statement to describe an occurrence. Or writers who write novels or books describing a true story they experienced.In most of our lives, we learn from those who can teach. Experienced elders or specialists teach us how to live, conduct ourselves, relate to one another and survive in different environments. My first day in USIU I was han ded a student handbook which had all the rules and information some the university. That handbook was written with a purpose which was to instruct and advice. The purpose of instructions from this type of writing is to explain to readers about something or what they should do.Another purpose for writing is to inform. Information is power. In todays society people need a lot of information to perform, thus making information qui... ...in formulating a written message. They are - plan the message, free writing major points, compose your message and lastly evaluate your message in that order.REFERENCES.Hartley, P. (1996). Interpersonal communication. New York Routledge.Denny, R. (2002). Communicate to win. capital of the United Kingdom Kogan Page Ltd.Verderber, S. K., & Verderber, F. R. (1976). Interact Interpersonal Communication Skills. California Wadsworth Publishing Co.Wolvin, A. & Coackley, C.G. (1996). Listening (5th Ed.). Dubuque I.A. Brown & Benchmark.Hartel, C.W. & Schwartz, W.S. (1994). Ready for the real world senior experience. Belmont, California Wadsworth Publishing company.Fielding, M. (1997). utile Communication on organizations, 2nd edition, South Africa The Rustica Press. Gibson, J.W. & Hodgetts, R. (1991). Organization communication A Managerial Perspective. New York Harper Collins Publishers.Chandler, F.G. (1995). Fundamentals of Business Communication. Richard D. Irwin Inc. Bienvenu, S. & Timm, P. R. (2002). Business Communication, develop Strategy and Skills. Prentice Hall.Harris, J. & Cunningham, H.D. (1996). Guide to writing. New Jersey Prentice hall.

Meat and Maggots

This week we were asked to attempt a scientific experiment, I attempted to encounter 2 jars, in each Jar I put a piece of mettle. On one of the Jars I placed a stopper and on the new(prenominal) I left it open so that the air can get to the meat. I then watched for 3 days to see what happens.The question that I was arduous to find out is do flys contribute to maggots forming on meat, if meat is exposed to the air and not covered do maggots develop? As I watched the meat I found that the meat that is exposed to the ir has been in run into with flies and maggots are forming in the meat. The meat that has been covered is until now decay because of the temp in the room but it is not forming maggots.What I think has happened is that as the flys come In contact with the meat they cause the maggots for form In the meat. After the meat was out for 3 days the experiment showed that the meat that was exposed to the flys and to the air has maggots. The closedown is that If meat Is uncov ered and exposed to the alr and has been In contact with flys that It developed maggots which concludes that the flys laid eggs on the decompose meat and caused the maggots.Meat and MaggotsThis week we were asked to attempt a scientific experiment, I attempted to observe 2 jars, in each jar I put a piece of meat. On one of the jars I placed a stopper and on the other I left it open so that the air can get to the meat. I then watched for 3 days to see what happens. The question that I was trying to find out is do flys contribute to maggots forming on meat, if meat is exposed to the air and not covered do maggots develop? As I watched the meat I found that the meat that is exposed to the air has been in contact with flies and maggots are forming in the meat.The meat that has been covered is still rotting because of the temp in the room but it is not forming maggots. What I think has happened is that as the flys come in contact with the meat they cause the maggots for form in the meat . After the meat was out for 3 days the experiment showed that the meat that was exposed to the flys and to the air has maggots. The conclusion is that if meat is uncovered and exposed to the air and has been in contact with flys that it developed maggots which concludes that the flys laid eggs on the rotting meat and caused the maggots.

Psychology of Stress

The road of pain caused by a reach-related illness 73132Psychology of Stress Open Polytechnic hessian Elizabeth Ross Words2,149 The road of pain caused by a stress-related illness, is the name of this final assignment. A detailed case study and tr sweep awayment plan for Sera-jean who has a stress-related illness. I will endeavour to propose a treatment plan to swear out Sera-jean manage hyper tautness and type 1diabetes. There will be brief outlines of the techniques I have chosen, how it works and what benefits it will be to Sera-jean overall.There will also be cardinal simplicity ideas for Sera-jean to utilise if she so wishes. Sera-jean is aged thirty-four and is matrimonial with 3 children. She has rather a bubbly personality, easy going, diligent, hard- working, open, honest, sympathetic listener, knowledge able and a very sincere and caring person. Sera-jean and her husband had just bought a lifestyle property, so Sera-jean applied and was offered the position of lead o perator in the new plant of Individual Quick Frozen cheese department.A great chance to be a part of a new concept in a global organisation, Sera-jean gladly signed up and became an important part of a good team, with the aspirations to want to learn and get a good start to a new concept with great opportunities. After two years IQF had lost 30, 000 metric tonne of Pizza Hut and Dominoes orders, the plant was just unable to keep up with the orders. Machinery breakdowns, rejected product, foreign matter in product, publicity faults and with all of these malfunctions from the plant and loosing orders everyone began to wonder what would happen.Sera-jean was already becoming quite worried about what was going to happen with her department. There was no word from the comp whatever, the union or management which from all points of view was very upsetting for everyone. She was getting headaches and at convictions was having dizzy spells. She took two days off to have some tests do and when she returned she told us that she had hypertension and type 1diabetes. Poor Sera-jean she couldnt understand why she suddenly had these illnesses as she had always been quite fit and healthy.Change as a stressor, when vary happens your life feels out of control and it brings with it discomfort. Sudden and prolonged change frightens us you can have trouble adapting your thinking and cause confusion. When changes be imposed without any input into the process, the pivotal aspect of change that can affect your stress level is the significance of the change on the rest of your life. Extensive research suggests that two related psychological factors can mediate an, organisms responses to the stress of change controllability and predictability (Krantz, 1986).Perceived control is defined as the felt ability to escape avoids and/or modifies threatening stimuli (Averille, 1973). change magnitude predictability can help minimize the stress of making changes. The fear of the unknown i s a potent stressor that needs reduction. An new(prenominal) stressor for Sera-jean that may have contributed to the hypertension is sympathomimetic agents which be the chemical substances that mimic the sympathetic stress response. Many foods contain these substances and when they are consumed it can trigger a stress response in the body, so depending on how much was consumed.Xanthincs are powerful amphetamine-like stimulants that increase metabolism which creates a gameyly awaken and active state. They also trigger release of the stress hormones that among other actions are capable of increasing meaning rate, root pressure, and oxygen demands on the heart. Extreme, prolonged stress-hormone secretion can even initiate myocardial necrosis that is, death of the heart tissue. (pp. 179 181). Constructive coping tactics for Sera-jean to use help manage stress.Appraisal-focused strategies detecting and disputing negative self-talk, rational thinking, victimisation arrogant rei nterpretation, finding humour in the situation, turning to religion. Problem focused strategies active problem solving, seeking social support, enhancing time management, improving self-control, becoming more assertive. Emotion focused strategies releasing pen up emotions, distracting one, managing hostile feelings and forgiving others, exercising, mediating, using systematic loosening procedures. (pp. 114 131).To relax is the very foundation of any program to overcome anxiety, phobias, or panic attacks. Many other skills such as desensitization, visualization, and changing negative self-talk, build on the capacity to achieve deep relaxation. The type of relaxation that really makes a difference in dealing with anxiety is the regular, daily practice of some form of deep relaxation. Deep relaxation refers to a distinct physiological state that is the exact opposite of the way your body reacts under stress or during a panic attack.This state was originally described by Herbert Be nson (pp. 81 103. 1975) as the relaxation response. This selects a series of physiological changes, including decreases in heart and respiration rate, blood pressure, skeletal muscle-builder tension, metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, analytical thinking, and an increase in flake off resistance and in alpha wave activity in the brain. Regular practice of deep relaxation for twenty to thirty minutes on a daily basis can produce, over time, a generalization of relaxation to the rest of your life.So after several weeks of practicing deep relaxation once per day, Teri-jean will be given to feel more relaxed all the time. There are many benefits of deep relaxation that have been documented such as the future(a) reduction of generalize anxiety. Many people have found that regular practice also reduces the frequency and severity of panic attacks to pr type stress from growing in strength. Stress that is unabated may tend to build up overtime. Entering into a state of physiologic al quiescence once a day gives your body the chance to recover from the effects of stress.Even sleep can fail to break the cumulative stress cycle unless you give yourself permission to deeply relax while awake increase energy level and productivity improved concentration and memory regular practice of deep relaxation tends to increase your ability to focus and keeps your header from racing reduction of insomnia and fatigue learning to relax leads to sleep that is deeper and sounder prevention or reduction of psychosomatic disorders, such as hypertension, migraines, headaches, asthma and ulcers increased self-confidence and reduced self-blame.You can perform better as well as feel better when you are relaxed increased availability of feelings. Muscle tension is one of the chief impediments to an awareness of your feelings. To achieve a state of deep relaxation, using some of the common methods such as abdominal breathing, reformist muscle relaxation, passive muscle relaxation, vi sualizing a peaceful scene, guided imagery, meditation, biofeedback, sensory deprivation, yoga and calming music. (pp. 86 90) Guidelines for practising progressive muscle relaxation (or any orm of deep relaxation) so the following information will decisively help Sera-jean make use of progressive muscle relaxation that is undertaken to practice regularly, including self-hypnosis, guided visualization and meditation. Aerobic or cardiovascular exercises, stretching and toning exercises would encourage your mind and body to be more active on a daily basis. Planning a set programme of relaxation methods, breathing exercises, meditation and counselling these are all shown in this assignment as a great way to help with any and all illnesses that you are experiencing.Stress is a normal part of life, but too much stress can lead to emotional and psychological and even physical problems including heart disease, high blood pressure, chest pains or irregular heartbeats. Reducing stress can help lower high blood pressure. If stress itself is a peril factor for heart disease, chronic stress exposes your body to unhealthy, persistently elevated levels of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. Stress changes the way blood clots, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.Being exposed to long periods of stress is where your body can give warning signs if there is something wrong. These physical cognitive emotional and behavioural signs of stress should not be ignored. Slowing down, if you continue to be stressed and if your body doesnt rest you will definitely develop health problems. Physical signs dizziness, general aches and pains, corrasion teeth, headaches, indigestion, muscle tensions, racing heart, sweaty palms, tiredness, upset tummy. All mental signs suffering from constant worry, forgetfulness and the inability to concentrate, lack of creativity, loss of sense of humour.Emotional signs anger, anxiety, crying depression, feeling powerless, frequ ent pettishness swings, irritability, loneliness, nervousness, sadness. The behavioural signs there is bossiness, along with compulsive eating you display explosive actions, and at times you show a critical attitude towards life.. How to cope with stress, eat and drink sensibly, assert your-self and exercise regularly, relax every day, take responsibility and set down-to-earth goals and maintain positive thoughts.It takes commitment, learn and practice relaxation, deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mental imagery relaxation, relax to music, biofeedback. It is time to reiterate that stress arousal involves both the mind and body interacting to form a response to an event, the event that capability be external to the body or could be a memory or a thought. We will now focus on stress-management techniques that involve the mind and they are autogenic training and visual imagery and this involves the use of mental images to supplement and extend the relaxation response.Th e two technics are as follows contend limited thinking and cognitive restructuring. There are eight limited thinking patterns Filtering, you focus on the negative details while ignoring all the positive aspects of a situation Polarized thinking, things are black or white, good or bad, theres no middle ground, no room for mistakes Overgeneralization, you reach a general conclusion based on a single incident or a piece of evidence Mindreading, without their saying you know what people are feeling and why they act the way they do Catastrophising, you expect to visualise horrible events.Magnifying you assume that everything people do or say is some loving of reaction to you. Should you have a list of ironclad rules about how you and other people should act. (p. 38) Autogenic (self-produced) training and visual imagery this is where you need to take time to practise the techniques of the exercises recommended and along with the exercises that involve you imagining a special plaza, lik e the beach or a mountain meadow. If you are to become proficient at using the techniques, then, to use it in combination with relaxation and breathing exercises would be the most beneficial to you.So when you have followed these 3 steps of muscle relaxation, controlled breathing and special place imagery have a very effective means of managing stress, or helping others manage stress. However, keep in mind that it is essential to set realistic goals the primary goal of relaxation and imagery training is to learn the technique the secondary goal is to influence stress-related body states, such as high blood pressure, pain, tension and nausea. It is important that people do not assess themselves as failures if they do not achieve results quickly.Change may be subtle and takes time to master. It might take the form of a better level of relaxation, or a person achieving emotional, intellectual or spiritual balance before noticing any definite physical change. In conclusion Sera-jean had all the tools to help her understand the illnesses she had and how to best cope with them. She had got a little bounce in her step and was looking quite relaxed at times, which helped her manage her life her way. It has indeed been very informative for Sera-jean, her family and her work colleagues as she has shared her experiences, what she has ained from the treatment plan and counselling sessions as she feels that if she can help one person to be able get through what she has than it has all been worthwhile. References Girdano, D. A. , Dusek, D. E. , and Everly, G. S. , Jr. (2009). Stress in the workplace. In Controlling stress and tension. (8th ed. , pp. 245-267)). San Francisco, CA someone/Benjamin Cummings. Furnham, A. (2006). Stress at work. In The psychology of behaviour at work (2nd ed. pp. 354-391). Hove, England Psychology Press. Weiten, W. Dunn, D. S. , & Hammer, E. Y. (2012) Psychology applied to modern lifeAdjustment in the 21st century. (10th ed. , pp. 114-131)Belmon t, CA Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Lachman, V. D. (1983). How to minimize stress while making changes. In Stress management A manual for nurses. (p. 172 199). New York, NY Grune & Stratton. Girdano. D. A. Dusek, D. E. , & Everly, G. S. , Jr. (2009). Stress and the human environment interaction. In Controlling stress and tension (8th ed. , pp. 179 199). San Francisco.CA Benjamin Cummings. Bourne, E. J. , (2010) Relaxation In The anxiety and phobia workbook (5th ed. , pp. 81 104) Oakland, CA New Harbinger Publications. Davis, M, Eshelman, E. R. , & McKay, M (2008) Exercise. In The relaxation and stress. Reduction workbook. (6th ed. , pp. 331-334) Oakland, CA New Harbinger. Publications. Davis, M. , Eshelman, E. R. , & McKay, M (2008) Coping skills training for fears. In The relaxation and stress reduction workbook (6th ed. , pp. 187-192) Oakland, CA New Harbinger Publications

Outline for War of 1812 Essay

The War of 1812 is seen as a simple complication to the British. They figured that they had much more classic matters on their hands fighting with Napoleon. The Canadians saw it as the Americans just being aggressive. However for us, the Americans we saw it as a confusion of loyalties and boundaries. The forces behind the Americans entering this struggle were for our personal interests and concerns. The political, geographical and nationalistic forces gave us the push to tell Britain they couldnt do whatever they wished.Topic Sentence The expansion of America1) encouraging accompaniment the United States began expanding their territory shortly after the revolutionary contend. 2) Supporting fact a place that caused trouble was the outstanding Lakes 3) Supporting fact as the British began taking their seamen, they Americans became angry and attacked Canada trying to occupy it.Topic Sentence The British Navy began to seize American seaman and attack the home frontier 1) Supporting fact Britain launched an attack on New York. But is saved by McDonough 2) Supporting fact Washington D.C. was set on fire. The Capitol and the White house forcing the president to leave3) Supporting fact the approximated amount of men harmed or taken by the British was around 6,000Topic Sentence Economical forces dealt with the loss of the materials done for(p) or taken by Britain. Political forces dealt with the competition between the presidential support of Jefferson and Madison. 1) Supporting fact Hogshead and Molasses were aboard the ships. 2) Supporting fact Jefferson couldve gone to war with England with great support but instead decided to place embargos. 3) Supporting fact Madison sent a message to congress that listed the complaints about England. It was save approved.Conclusion Even though the War of 1812 wasnt as impacting as he others, it plays a significant role with the relationship between the United States and Great Britain known sometimes as the Special relati onship. Just like every other relationship it has its ups and downs, the War of 1812 was just a claw bump. Without this minor bump though the United States could be very different. Our territorial boundaries wouldnt have been altered. Our trade relationship with England probably wouldnt be the same either.

Brave New World †Freedom Essay

The concept of freedom is always changing and is often open to interpretation. What, exactly, is freedom? and why is it so important that we be free? In Brave New human being, Aldous Huxley leaves the reader in continuous suspense over which character is truly free or has freedom. The citizens of the valet de chambre solid ground do not possess any notion of freedom, they are otiose to control the way they approximate, feel and make decisions however, toilette has the world power to do any of these things.The World say holds the citizens captive of their most fundamental rights to freedom through Soma, the media and hypnopedia whereas, John, free from societys captivities, has collar control over himself and his mind. The citizens of the World State are enslaved by their ruler, they are devoid of emotions, all emotions except for that of happiness. They lack the state of consciousness needed to make their suffer decisions and that, in daily round, creates a society that i s solely governed by one process of thought. The World State uses Soma to control the emotions of the citizens in order to create and maintain stability in the world.This control not only takes away the pleasures of experiencing material, genuine emotions but also corrupts ones ability to react according to how they feel in a situation. The citizens have the freedom to react as they please but with the constant restraints on which emotions they are allowed to feel even that freedom has been taken from them. Now dupet lose your temper, she said. Remember one cubic centimetre cures ten gloomy sentiments. (Huxley p. ). Freedom is reacting based on emotions that ones self has go up with, emotions that have been drawn from a dewy-eyed spectrum, not carefully selected by ones ruler.The second most powerful tactic the World State uses to control their citizens is through the media along with debilitating the appetite to not want to be a part of the social body. They engineer a desti nation that shelters citizens from what is really happening and what truly lies beneath the surface at all times. She was appalled by the rushing emptiness of the night Lets turn on the radio. Quick but I want to look at the sea in peace, he said. It makes me feel as though not so completely a part of something else. Not just a cell in the social body unless Lenina was crying. Its horrible, its horrible, she kept repeating. And how sight you talk like that ab turn up not wanting to be a part of the social body? (Huxley p. ). They, the citizens, are never given the opportunity to think for themselves or by themselves thus, taking away the possibility of critical or analytical thinking. During the de canting period (birth) and even prior to that, the citizens of the World State are unable to choose their destinies, their futures are laid out before them before they are even processed as people.Not only are they devoid of the most common emotions, they lack any individuality at all b ecause they are created to have a certain level of intelligence, a certain status in society, theyre engineered to have certain likes and dislikes and are even under the control of society when choosing what colour to wear. From the ranks of the crawling babies came little squeals of excitement, gurgles and twitterings of pleasure Small hands reached out uncertainly, touched, grasped, unpetaling the transfigured roses, crumpling the illuminated pages of the books.The Director waited until all were happily busy. Then, Watch carefully, he said. And, lifting his hand, he gave the signal There was a violent explosion. Shriller and ever shriller, a siren shrieked. dread bells maddeningly sounded. The children started, screamed their faces were distorted with terror. And direct now we proceed to rub in the lesson with a mild electric shock. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance.Their little bodies twitched and sti ffened their limbs moved jerkily as if to the tug of unseen wires Offer them the flowers and the books again. but at the approach of the roses, at the mere sight of those gaily-coloured images of pussy and cock-a-doodle-doo and baa-baa grim sheep, the infants shrank away in horror, the volume of their howling suddenly increased. Theyll grow up with what the psychologists used to call an instinctive hatred of books and flowers. (Huxley p. ). This kind of control leads to the complete destruction of individual and collective freedom. The World State holds the citizens captive of their most fundamental rights to freedom on that pointfore, they are not free.Freedom is constantly questioned throughout the legend and John has the power of free volition on his side because he has the capability to feel his own emotions, think critically, and act accordingly. That is something society simply will never have the opportunity or ability to experience. When he is inflicted in a situation he lacks no restrictions on his feelings, he feels love for Lenina and he feels pain for being an outcast, being different. John, who has the ability to feel everything. Is there any hope? he asked. You mean, of her not dying? (He nodded. No, of course there isnt. When somebodys sent here, theres no Startled by the expression of distress on his pale face, she suddenly broke off. Why, whatever is the matter? she asked. She was not accustomed to this kind of thing in visitors. (Not that there were many visitors anyhow or any reason why there should be many visitors. ) Youre not feeling ill, are you? . Anger suddenly boiled up in him. Balked for the second time, the passion of his grief had found another outlet, was transformed into a passion of agonized rage. (Huxley p. ).In contrast with the other citizens of the World State who cannot make out the most simple of genuine emotions and ones ability to react according to how they feel in a situation, this really puts the concept of freedom into perspective. He is not only able to feel a wide selection of emotions but because of that freedom he can think critically and make logical and rational decisions about the States affairs and his own life. Due to his personal freedoms he is able to see things for what they really are instead of what they are made out to be by the World State. We fall apartt, said the Controller. We prefer to do things comfortably. But I simulatet want comfort. I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin. In fact, said Mustapha Mond, youre claiming the right to be unhappy. All right then, said the tearing defiantly, Im claiming the right to be unhappy not to mention the right to grow old and ugly and impotent the right to have syph and cancer the right to have besides little to eat the right to be lousy the right to live in constant apprehension of what whitethorn happen to-morrow the right to catch typhoid the right to be tortured by u nspeakable pains of every kind. There was a long silence. I claim them all, said the Savage at last. (Huxley p. ). John is and forever will be free from the World State for the simple fact that he can think critically and make logical and rational decisions. To want to expanding his individuality and intelligence is another attribute the citizens of the World State will never posses however,John has the desire and wonder to read Shakespeare, absorb information about religion, beliefs and his surroundings.The Savages face lit up with a sudden pleasure. Have you read it too? he asked. I thought nobody knew about that book here, in England. Almost nobody. Im one of the very few. Its prohibited, you see But why is it prohibited? asked the Savage The Controller shrugged his shoulders. Because its old thats the chief reason. We havent any use for old things here we dont want people to be attracted by old things. We want them to like the new ones. . But the new ones are so stupid and h orrible. Those plays, where theres nothing but helicopters flying about and you feel the people kissing. He made a grimace. Goats and monkeys Only in Othellos word could he find an adequate vehicle for his contempt and hatred. (Huxley p. ). The natural demonstration of this attribute reflects how thoughtless his free will is, strongly contrasting the captivity those of the World State are under. Others that are led by the rules of the World State are merely human-looking machines that carry out meaningless lives to keep the rulers happy and society stable.. John has presented a state of being that the rulers of the World State have tried to exterminate- free will. He is who he wants to be and has pushed away the man society has created. And that, is freedom.

Literary Analysis for John Updike’s A&P Essay

In John Updikes A&P, a story of young mans squander effort on heroism is chronicled along with the fact that he has made a wrong decision on the situation. Sammy, a young teenager (assumed in the story), works as a cashier in A&P, a supermarket that caters to the different needs of consumers. One day, in an otherwise ordinary day, in walks collar girls clad in skimpy bathing suits which capture the attention of e veryone in the market, including the manager who reprimands them for such clothes.As the girls get embarrassed and leave the store, Sammy rushes to their defence and cease on the spot as he thinks that what the manager has through is unjustified. Sammy feels like a hero to the girls and leaves the store to rush after the girls, not knowing that the girls rescue long left without noticing Sammys valiant effort (Updike 596-601).In the story, there are many types of literary techniques which are evident. However, the three that stand out among the peacefulness are the fore shadowing implemented by the author and narrator, the irony in the resolution, and symbolisms in the short story. Firstly, the foreshadowing arouse be seen in two ways. First, it fag be perceived in terms of how the author uses a rather capturing opening of the story which gives a clue to the reader that something is bound to extend in the story and on that day in Sammys rather ordinary life.By using Sammys voice, there are allusions that something great is about to happen in the moment that the three girls walked in inside A&P and that Sammys life will never be the same again. The other purview of foreshadowing can even be seen as an en medias res technique in the story. This is because in the middle of the story, the narrator reveals that what he is narrating has already happened and is not occurring. Hence, he is not narrating events but actually re-telling them.The other two literary techniques implemented in the short story is the use of irony which can be found in the conc lusion of A&P and the symbolisms. Irony of circumstance is seen when Sammy quits his job for the girls when the girls do not even realize that he has done that. Hence, his attempt on being a hero is futile since the girls do not even think that they need one or that someone has carry through or stood up for them. The third and last literary technique is the usage of symbolisms.There are two symbolisms in the story the supermarket itself and the three girls. The supermarket symbolizes the beginning chapter of Sammys life wherein he gets a taste of the different upsetting things that can happen in a persons life the three girls can represent the various forms of temptations any person encounters which can lead him to make wrong decisions.In conclusion, the use of literary techniques in any literature is very important since it adds more meaning, depth, and colour. Though any form of literature can do away with literary techniques, such aspects of literature make any create verbally work more poignant, impacting, interesting, and meaningful.Works CitedUpdike, John. A&P. The Early Stories 1953-1975. New York Ballantine Books, 2003. 596-601. Print.

Hofstede Cutlural Dimensions

Hofstede Electronic Submission Coversheet TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENT By electronically submitting this work, I certify that This assignment is my proclaim work It has non previously been submitted for assessment Where material from other sources has been used it has been acknowledged properly This work meets the need of the Universitys ethics policy Student Name nidi kumar Student Number 9048219 Faculty FBSE Level of field of operation level 6 Course title internationa tipic business management Unit title Cross-cultural ManagementAssignment title Airbus and GLOBE Assignment tutor Peter Jordan Word count 500 Learner implore for feedback TO BE COMPLETED BY STAFF Tutor feedback Areas of Strength Areas for Improvement Grade mark Submitted on metre (Y/N) Tutor signature Date mention the key cross-cultural let ons faced by the Airbus con airium and relate these to the Globes projects clusters of business cultures. Critically evaluate the usefulness of this research in apprec iation the troubles involved and in devising viable solutions.What lessons can be learned for companies embarking on inter national projects? Introduction Cross-cultural management describes organisational behaviour within countries and cultures (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p 13) as a result it compares the organisational behaviour across various countries and cultures and to the highest degree importantly it seeks to comprehend and advance the interaction of co-workers, managers, executives, clients, suppliers, and alliance partners from countries and cultures around the world. (Adler and Gundersen, 2008, p 13).A place that has experience of cross-cultural management and thus has its roots in several European countries is Airbus SAS. (Browaeys and Price, 2011). Outlined on the communitys website they express their desire to cut through national divides, sharing development costs, collaborating in the interest of a greater market share, and however agreeing a usual set of me asurements and a common quarrel (Airbus. com cited in Browaeys and Price, 2011, p 67). However, as time progressed evidence suggests that this has not occurred as demonstrated in key cross-cultural issues experienced by the organisation. Introduction not yet complete (Try to make a generic view of CrossCultural Management beyond companies ie consider how CC management is dealt with across indus judge sectors ( most prevalent in telecoms organizations) also what are the roots of CC management and how does it address new-fashioned global challenges/provide new solutions)) Method of Research By comparison of 2 companies ie Airbus / Globe highlighting key CC management mountes, issues and solutions (Risk of systemic flaws in approach/repea disconcert failures)YOU should compare apples with apples ie list all significant issues, select an issue eg Economic Patriotism and evaluate the approach taken by both parties / im arguing for creating A table to do this we can talk Key Cross-Cult ural Issues faced by Airbus (Related to Globes Cross-Cultural Approach) Problems Faced by Airbus (enumerate and modify in your own words) Socio-cultural & good problems. The workforce at the aircraft manu particularurer is geographically distri unlessed in proportion to national ownership stakes.In an instance of frugal nationalism, government distort private transactions among economic actors by discriminating against foreigners in the name of national interest. This lead to the decrease in the prolific efficiency. It is because of the various differences of management styles and way of chat. For e. g. comparing with the french peck, the Germans pick collective decision making, whereas the cut prefer centralised decision. At the same time the Spanish are flexible but have inferiority complex, so they have purpose to be vague and unreliable repayable to which they respond very less. Ian Stokes, 2006). The main problem is when EADS comp whatever of Airbus was occasiond, two chief executives German and French headed it. It was maintained even due to knowing the fact of the crisis caused by problems in development in A380 began. Looking from the Hofstedes cultural dimensions the French likes high power remoteness whereas the Germans prefer low power distance. So while making decisions Germans tend to interfere in the conversations while it is being dislike by France people. So this unexpectedly hurt the egos of the French people and creates a conflict between them. Hofstede. G, 1991) 1 Due to the government involvement respective countries, cost cutting measures were delayed as state aid comes to rescue their respective partner first. From this situation it seems that power id distributed unequally. The government is being self centred and looking after its own motives. Even no action id being undertaken by the grouping members of the compevery in order to tackle this issue. It is in this area that a culture shows the extent to which it tolerate s and fosters pecking orders, and how actively members try to reduce them. Mead, 1994 66) 1 matchless of the main causes in delay of the launch of Airbus A380 for two years was owing to the fact of having a complex wiring public figure system for it. There were 1,200 functions to control the plane that takes 98,000 wires & 40,000 connectors. The system has 500,000 models, which needs to be kept in sync from different countries. It was complicated and very much time consuming due the fact of the engineers being at different locations. Even the aircraft parts were create at different locations.For example nose sections are built in France, fuselages in Germany, wings in Great Britain and tails in Spain. And the final assembly were done in Toulouse (France). It unnecessarily increased the transportation cost, communication problems and foremost aspect time consumption. There was a problem with regards to software and knowledge as well. The engineers in Germany and Spain used t he aged(a) version V4 of the computer-aided design computer programme in order to design the wiring system, while the engineers in France and England used the newer version V5.This created trouble and delay while transferring the data because the some data was overhaulless while transferring files from one system to another. With regards to knowledge, French were familiar with the software while the Germans were not inexperienced compared to French. According to Hofstedes1 it seem that the French are more of individualistic in nature because they were least concerned about the nurture of its partner companys. Due to the lack of integration in engineering it resulted failure in execution. When the HRM team was most needed to train the employees communicate between them regarding the software problems, they were very busy with responding to the new legislation- such as those concerned with labour working hours and the French directive on rights of individuals to choose their own training. As the French are more type of individualism because of the preference towards centralised executive, they tend to first sort out their problems that made them busy in doing things which was not important compared to training problem. Ian Stokes, 2006) 1 (Trompenaars, 1993 8-11) 1 The top managers were busy struggling for the senior position in the consortium and lobbying for influence. These lead political goals get in the way of project goals. From this it seems that that the top managers were very much individualistic in nature. They were more interested in getting the name an enjoy being superior in the organization. They seemed to be self-achievement oriented and least concerned about the problems going on in the company.This disperse the decision making power which was most needed in problems like this. (Hofstede, 1991) 1 All this problems lead to the delay in launch of Airbus A380 for two years that was scheduled to launch in 2006. Delay in delivery constraine d some airlines to cancel their orders. This gave them loss of euro 2 billion due that they had to make drastic cuts in the size of its workforce and closure of some plants, which in turn dented their image in the market. Efforts taken by Airbus to tackle the issues. In order to tackle the design of the wiring system and the software problems, Airbus made special investment to train its employees with the help of the software supplier. They even tried to set up intercultural sessions to inspire a warm feeling of mutual understanding, but it failed to address adequately the fundamentals of co-operation. The EADS managers most of the times tried to draw attention to the common areas and similarities, rather than differences in order to tackle the cross-cultural differences with regards to perceptions and doing things. They have distributed their workforce in proportion to the ownership stakes geographically because they thought that this would increase their productive efficiency. P ut Table A in here Critical Evaluation of Research (based on analysis of table) Economic Patriotism Many organisations are forced to develop and expand themselves into new markets overseas due to the increasing maturation of domestic markets and foreign competitors. In order to gain a competitive favor over their competitors they are recognising their identity that can help them to sustain.The main motive behind this step is that by enlightening the only one of its kind temper or character of an organisation or group, all the way through symbols, communications and behaviours, it will help them to create favourable corporate image in the minds of these groups. Such differentiation will help them to create an image based on the uniqueness of its own identity, as well as creating a tendency in the minds of the people or groups as a basis for developing long-term profitable relationships. (Van, 1992) 2. Economic patriotism is most of similarly related on these theories.Economic patri otism means, punting ones surface area. Economic patriotism is the coordinated and the promoted behaviour of consumers or companies (both private and public) that consists of favouring the good or services produced in their country or in their group of countries (wikipedia) 3. According to me economic patriotism means favouring the people and practices done in ones own country, right or wrong. The main motive of the people living in their own country is to promote its thoughts, beliefs, way of doing business, etc. this is automatically done because they had been under the influence of such practices since their childhood.Its like expressing that they love their country and ready to sacrifice for it. Economics patriotism can be done with the help of many activities for e. g. imposing tariffs on imports, quota system, or encouraging consumers to purchase own domestic services and products. Now a days a new type of economic patriotism has came up that does not allows foreign investo rs to develop or acquire companies in ones country. For e. g. Arcelor acquired by Mittal (Largest steel industry). Government and political bodies are playing the main role to promote economic patriotism.Even in the Airbus case study economic patriotism has played a significant role in problems created by government of different countries. The workforce at the company is geographically distributed in proportion to national ownership stakes. So this makes the workforce far from each other. According to the company it may help them to increase productive efficiency. But in an instance of economic nationalism (whereby the people support their respective rights and countries), the government of respective countries changed private transactions according to their thoughts and practices in order to protect the local economic interests.They discriminated foreigners in the name of national interest. So political bodies came into role in order to support the local people. Their economic mo tives include the preservation of physical exertion or attraction of economic activity to a certain area. And the companys strategic motives were to include national security in order to capture rents abroad in monopolistic market. But the patriotic approach of the company proved ineffective because it conflicts with the economic efficiency, which derives from the protection of the interests of the local lobbies. pic The company tried to integrate all its employees and create a sense of togetherness but the economic patriotism practiced by the people and government in respective countries failed the companys objectives. The politicians want to win the votes from people by supporting their interest. The damaged caused by economic nationalism indirectly created inefficiency and poor performance of corporate governance. Due to this damage Airbus reputation was dented. The government did not support because it conflicted with the ideas and thoughts of the government.The cost cutting me asures were delayed because the state aid first comes to rescue the government-supported company. The competition increased because government supported companies had privileged access to infrastructure and procurance contracts. This delayed all the process in the company and unnecessarily increased the loss and the cost of production. Indirectly the Airbus suffered from takeover threats from the more effectual organisations. Finally, the national efforts to support ones interest proved to be self-defeating as other countries react in kind, neutralising the initial attempt to gain competitive advantage.Reflection of the way the company was organised. One of the causes of the delay was the complex wiring system and the software compatibility. The digital system has 500,000 models that need to be kept in sync. Despite of the fact that even a single mistake can create problems the company operated from different regions further complicating the wiring system. The seems to be communic ation gap between the employees because engineers in Germany and Spain used the older V4 version of the CAD program to design the wiring whereas engineers in France and England used the newer V5 version.Although it has been said by the software developer that both the version were compatible but the company should not have taken risks of going with different versions. Although there was claim by developer regarding compatibility the data was lost while transferring files from one system to another. The suppliers were also not involved in a collaborative effort to anticipate problems. There was lack of training and communication among the engineers as well. It can be seen because the engineers in France were familiar with the software while the Germans did not have much experience with it.This shows that there is centralised decision in the company that made other engineers lack of knowledge. They built the different parts in different region, which further complicated the assembling system due to the lack of communication related to knowledge and software problems. pen Hellemans notes that what happened in Germany was not just technical problems related to software but it was an execution failure due to lack of efficient knowledge. (Davis, 2007) 1 From the problems that Airbus faced, the company was not properly organised because it seems that relied mostly on the software developer regarding the solutions.There was even lack of training, communication and transparency within the organisation. It seems that mostly the decision were made in headquarters only, not with the consent of other people. The merger of the national components in 2001 only integrated themselves officially but mentally they were far away from each other. It even seems to be inequality from lack of technological development equally because when France & England upgraded themselves to V5 version, the German and Spain were still on the V4 versions. Lessons Learned. what are the lessons lear nt from this specific research ie outcomes from analysis of the table/also comment on the quality of the research / ie selection of evaluation parameters to compare, what if scenarios / heuristics / deductions / further research) In the real world there is not any specific best way to integrate diverse cultures within an international joint venture. It solely depends upon the situation and the kind of cultures involves. But I am nerve-wracking to be closer to individuals perception and actions that may lead to a common ground where everyone accept each other.Research Proper research needs to done onwards setting up such a culturally diversified company. Research should be on the basis of the cultural dimension of Hofstedes1 i. e. power distance, uncertainty avoidance, manlike vs. feminine, short-term vs. long-term orientation, what they like and what they dont. It helps them to integrate all their activities on the common grounds and come up with a solution that maybe acceptable to everyone. Collectivists approach As we dont have any idea about what peoples want and desires are, a collectivists approach will explore the ideas and perceptions about each other.It will gradually help to know each others ideas and beliefs that can be helpful to achieve the desired goals and objectives. Initially it may create problems but at the later stage when everybody has been know to each other it help people or employees to understand regarding what to do and what not to do. Diffuse relationships The company employees need to be considered as members of a group or an organization. They should be involved decision-making process. It helps the employees to build rapport between themselves that in turn explore each others ideas and beliefs.Their relationships with each other helps us to find how efficient the organization is and what steps need to be taken in order to tackle the cross-cultural issues. Teambuilding session should be conducted in order to create a feeling of o neness, which can increase the efficiency of a company. (Trompenaars, 1993 8-11) 1. equality If we integrate diverse cultures within international joint venture equality should be eer there in term development, technological advancement, knowledge, etc. n the Airbus it failed because Germany Spain had V4 version of the Cad programme whereas France England had the latest V5 version. So always proper standardisation should be adopted within the whole organization at a specific time. Global knowledge, local understanding the approach should be to indulge diverse cultures but the process should be local. It means any activity done should be on the basis of the activity carries out in the home country of any organisation. Proper training should be given to its employees from the engineers at headquarters because they know it better than anyone else.This helps them to consume less time and achieve perfection, stabilisation, which is considered to be vital in any industry in order to a chieve goals and objectives. Training can even be of language, way of doing things, actions, etc. Due to lack of proper training the Germans were not familiar with the software, it more delayed the project while executing the fuselages. Time focus (polychromic) Initially the top managers need to be polychromic in time i. e. the top managers need to focus on several tasks should be less dependent on detailed information hile doing these tasks. Their main focus should be on involvement with people. This helps the employees or the partners in business to be much more expressive and approach the management whenever they feel to do so. (Hall hall, 1990). References. 1. Marie-Joelle Browaeys and Roger Price arrest Cross-Cultural Management, 2008. 2. Marlo Thomas Helene Hill, International Marketing Review, Vol16, Number 4/5, Year 1999, pp 376-390. 3. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Economic_nationalism. Read more http//www. ukessays. om/essays/cultural-studies/airbus-case-study. phpixzz 2BNsfYQjM Economic Patriotism A key cross-cultural issue which has been highlighted is the considerable damage caused by economic patriotism to Airbus. An example of this economic patriotism which caused difficulties was the issue of German and Spanish engineers using the older V4 version of the CAD program whereas the UK and France used the new V5 version. A significant reason for the rejection of the new system has been emphasized by Williams (cited in Clark, 2006) as a matter of national pride.The Germans felt the French were imposing the new system upon them, causation them to reject it. In relation to the GLOBE theory, this act can be identified as an action of assertiveness from German employees, due to the fact that they would rather emphasis on results rather than relationships. Furthermore, Webber (cited in Clark, 2006) expressed this when he explained that changing over to new software is costly and time consuming. As a result, German employees faced French imposition wit h confrontation. German and French governments also had extensive involvement causing increased economic patriotism. Will add government issues here and relate to individualism from Hofstede Reorganisation of company Airbus required a reorganisation of the company in order to improve co-ordination, reduce the costs of production and the time between conception of planes and their introduction into service. (Browaeys and Price, 2011, p 67), however this was not planned efficiently, due to the fact that culture differences would arise. A significant issue Airbus faced was the problem of having two CEOs, one from Germany, the other from France.This caused significant concerns because they had to compromise over key decisions due to each country having different cultural approaches to business. This part will be related to power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism (institutional)(no consideration for others) , future and performance orientation(very undersized performance a s they are not achieving anything) Will include evidence that relates to the Airbus and globe Decentralized management Loss profits Common language didnt go as planned Gender egalitarianism I will discuss gender egalitarianism as its a key issue because in the case study evidence suggests its a male dominated job Critically evaluate In this part of the essay I will evaluate the usefulness of the theory including issues such as Data collected from 2004 (therefore not up-to-date) Quantitative research rather than qualitative Lessons learned Equality Rapport between employees More intensive research needs to be done Diffuse relationships Integrate activities on common ground Reference scalawag ADLER, N. , and A. GUNDERSEN, 2008.International Dimensions of Organisational Behaviour. 5th ed. USA Thomson Higher Education BROWAEYS, M. , and R. PRICE, 2011. Understanding cross cultural management. 2nd ed. England Pearson Education Limited CLARK, N. , 2006. The airbus saga crossed wired and a multibillion-euro delay- Business-International Herald Tribune online viewed 25 October 2012. Available from http//www. nytimes. com/2006/12/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-airbus. 3860198. html? pagewanted=all Important choose one of the following statements (DELETE TWO THAT DO NOT APPLY) Intermediate entranceway

Mbuti Culture Essay

The Mbuti or Bambuti are one of several indigenous pygmy groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their expression belongs to the Central Sudanic subgroup of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.1 afterward researching the Mbuti culture, I think we will see that their g everywherenment, traditions, and culture is slowly and sadly melting into the surrounding, changing world.Mbutis primary mode of subsistence is Foraging. They track down and gather food from the forest, and they trade as well for survival. The Foragers, or hunter-gatherers, in modern-day Zaire have survived with a subsistence lifestyle in small-scale societies. governmental organization-Bambuti societies have no ruling group or lineage, no overlying political organization, and little social structure. The Bambuti are an egalitarian society in which the bind is the highest form of social organization. Leadership may be displayed for example on hunting treks. Men and women basically have equal power. Issues are discussed and decisi ons are make by consensus at fire camps men and women engage in the conversations equivalently. If there is a disagreement, infraction, or offense, then the offender may be banished, beaten or scorned. No chief or formal council has imposed rules.Kinship of the Bambuti tend to follow a patrilineal descent dodging, and their residences after marriage are patrilocal. However, the system is rather loose. The only type of group seen amongst the Bambuti is the nuclear family. Kinship also provides allies for distributively group of people.One of the Mbutis social problems is interclan disputes, over children and women. Women immigrate to villages, losing close to one out of five of their female population. An uneven number of women lead to the inevitable transfer of women from one family, to another. This leads to great conflict between the men, over the disposition of their female siblings.Divorce is common. The women often initiate divorce simply by packing their things (including s mall children) and moving back to their familys camp. If they have boys, they replica to their father when they are old enough to hunt. The typical marriage is monogamous because women are scarce.Beliefs and Values Prior to independence, tropical forest foragers remained outside the mainstream of society and politics. However, rate independence wars and nation-building drives have changed customary ways. Landscapes are eroding due to the cutting of timber, the building of roads and mining. Commerce has also further isolated the Mbuti peoples. They are in a state of social flux affecting their beliefs, values, and traditional culture.Everything in the Bambuti life is centered on the forest. They consider the forest to be their great shielder and provider and believe that it is a sacred place. They sometimes call the forest mother or father. An important ritual that impacts the Bambutis life is referred to as molimo.After events such as death of an important person in the tribe, m olimo is noisily celebrated to wake the forest, in the belief that if bad things are happening to its children, it mustiness be asleep. As for many Bambuti rituals, the time it takes to complete a molimo is not rigidly set instead, it is determined by the mood of the group.Food is collected from each hut to feed the molimo, and in the evening the ritual is accompanied by the men dancing and singing around the fire. Women and children must remain in their huts with the doors closed. These practices were canvas thoroughly by British anthropologist Colin Turnbull, known primarily for his work with the tribe.Molimo is also the name of a trumpet the men play during the ritual. Traditionally, it was made of wood or sometimes bamboo, but Turnbull also reported the use of metal drainpipes. The sound produced by a molimo is considered more important than the material it is made out of. When not in use, the trumpet is stored in the trees of the forest. During a celebration, the trumpet is r etrieved by the youth of the village and carried back to the fire.The Mbuti people are in great cultural transition, being influenced more and more by the surrounding dominate encroaching culture. As the outside word encroaches on these indigenous people, their beliefs, traditions and practices, they are slowly losing their original uniqueness in an ever shrinking world that seems to be losing boundaries. As of recent, they are even given to the accumulation of outside currencies for use in their day to day lives.

The Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Latin Concilium Tridentinum) was the 15th-century worldwide Council of the popish Catholic church building. It is considered to be one of the performs most important1 councils. It convened in Trent (then not bad(p) of the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, inside the beatified Roman Empire, now in modern Italy) between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods. Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent (1545-1547), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna (1547) during the pontificate of pope Paul III. 2 Under Pope Julius III, the council met in Trent (1551-1552) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions. Under Pope Pius IV the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent (1559-1563). The council issued condemnations on what it define as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, t he Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints. It issued numerous reform decrees. 3 By specifying Catholic doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, the Council was respond Protestant disputes. 1 The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work as a result, Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revise Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus initiating what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass (from the citys Latin name Tridentum), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate. 4 The Council of Trent, delayed and interrupted several times because of political or religious disagreements, was a study reform council and the most impressive embodiment of the ideals of the Counter-Reformation. 4 It would be over 300 years until the next Ecumenical Council. When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI. 5The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent was an ecumenical council convoked by the Church in 1545 and ran until 1563. It was convoked by Pope Paull III just proceed by Popes Julius III and Pius IV. The purpose of the council was to address the grwonig threat presented by the rising Protestant movement which was promptly spreading all over Europe, winning believers to their side and threatening the very world of the Catohlic Church and faith.It was convoked when the Church realized that the Reformation was a serious threat as it involved several secular leadership whom Martin Luther had won over to his side and it was no longer a mere theological debate but had social and political implications at this point in time. In a way, the Council had somehow succeeded in acquire the Church from its medieval depict and bring it into the modern times which would be followed up by subsequenct councils, the startle and Sec ond Vatican Councils (McNally 36). The Council addressed the issues that spurred the Protestants into action.One particular issue that the Council did address was the apparent corruption in the Church as an institution including the sale of indulgences which triggered Luthers rebellion (Mendham 317). The Council abolished several of these illegal practices and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms providing a provision politics the conduct of the religious, particularly those belonging to monastic and mendicant orders where they shall order their lives in accordance to what is prescribed by the rule which they have professed. The result of this was it checked corruption in the Church and helped resideore back to rudiments policies where the religious were reminded to incite the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience that they took upon entering the orders after years of strife affected the Church leading it to be infiltrated and influenced by political figures which ch anged its direction and led to the near-loss of its credibility. In addition, it also led to besides education of the clergy and the codfication of religious orders (Roman Catholic Church, Session 25 Fisher 402).But this was the only correction the Church made. The rest were reaffirmations of other church traditions that hardly changed at all. These were considered part of Church traditions which Protestants opposed, believing that they were invented by Catholics as Protestants offer to sol scriptura, relying on the Bible as their source of tradition. Among them were the sacraments where Protestants found most of them unecessary yet the Church upheld it.They thin the issue on the saints and the Blessed Virgin Mary by stating that they are only to be venerated, not worshipped, something Protestants accused Catholics, charging that this was bordering on idolatry or paganism, as well as stressing the necessity of good deeds to go with ones faith rather than relying on faith alone. They made use of the Bible in fend for the practice of the sacraments, stating they were not inventions and were stated in Scripture though implicit (Madrid 111).Another issue that was upheld was the infalliability of the Pope. Notwithstanding the scandals that undermined the image of the papacy, the Council upheld the Popes place as the Vicar of Christ and the head of all Christendom. It can be inferred here that there was subdued the need of a leader who could transcend spiritual and secular realms, especially during this time when Reformation brought more than upheavals and instability (Luebke 45, Madrid 44-53).As an epliogue, this was addressed once again in the Second Vatican Council in 1963 and the infallibility issue was indomitable once and for all here. In conclusion, the Council of Trent cannot be entirely credited in ensuring the survival and continued existence of the Catholic faith but was rather part of the Counter-Reformation that had somewhat checked the spread of Protestantism.It was able to uphold and defend the traditions the Church regard as part of professing ones faith, thereby throwing back the accusations Protestants hurled at it for creation on the wrong side of faith. As a parting shot, Catholic apologists in the Council of Trent and beyond, have riposted Protestant arguments by stating (ironically) that there existence was because of the Church and had there been no Church, they never would have existed at all. plant life Cited Fisher, George P.The Reformation. Bibliobazaar, 2009. Madrid, Patrick. Where Is That in Tradition? Huntington, Indiana Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2002. McNally, Robert E. , SJ. The Council of Trent, The Spiritual Exercises and Catholic Reform. Church History 34. 1 (1965) 36-49. Medham, Joseph. Memoirs of the Council of Trent. London James Duncan, 1834. Roman Catholic Church. The Council of Trent. 1545. Hanover College. 14 Aug. 2010 .

Ediment grain size and mineralogy distribution Essay

The reputation was done in the Mpenjati estuary. It was arrange more briefly if alluviation grain surface and mineralogy distri exclusivelyion change crosswise a beach indite changes and how it change. 4 districtS of a beach profile were sampled. Quartz is the most stable sediment composition in the surface of the earth, compargond to heavy minerals and felspar (Marshak, 2008). psychiatric hospitalThe aim of the study was to find verboten how does the sediment grain coat and mineralogy distribution change across a beach profile. Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring solid inorganic substance with a definable chemical composition (Marshak, 2005). The impacts of the evidenceal environment, transport and climate on the morphology of minerals seas are the focus of discussion during the position study of grain morphology (Shaffer,2006). It goes without saying that morphology and texture as well as the intergrowths among ocean minerals are besides of utmost importance fo r the and industrial use of placer minerals (Pipkin, 2007) and by this oceans profiles must not be protected from pollution and disasters. The Mpenjati Estuary has been subjected to extensive rachis and stone tap for approximately 40 years and the mining operations affected sediment patterns (matthias et al,2012).Although geologists tend to classify estuaries harmonise to their geomorphology, physiography, sedimentation or tidal patterns but an estuary is an enclosed coastal body of water which is periodically or permanently open to the sea (Whitfield, 2010). The study was done by the University Of KwaZulu-Natal students of BIOL 231 (Marine environments) together with their demonstrators and Lecturer. The study was done in the Mpenjati estuary on the third of August 2013 which is the overwinter season while the estuary was closed at the mouth. The Mpenjati estuary is an open/ closed estuary located at 30 5815 and approximately 165km southwest of Durban Kwazulu-Natal south coast FIGURE 1 Locality map present Mpenjati estuary (Whitfied, 2003)FIGURE 2 beach profile showing different zonas (Schwarts, 2008)MATERIALS AND METHODSSampling was done when mouth of the estuary was closed. quaternion different governs of the beach profile were sampled which is Swash regularise 1 which was closer to the sea followed by fumble zone 2, and keep going beach 1 which is closer to the estuary followed by back beach 2. In each zone 2 clear plastic bags were filled with half way with sand using our knowledge hands and were sealed with sell tape for later processing at the Lab. The plastic bags which had sand were named according to their zones collected from. The collected sediments were then taken to the soil laboratory at the Geological science department (UKZN) for drying for 3 days. In the laboratory the sieve trays ware weighed using balanced scales after weighing. Sand which came out from drying was crushed and grinded and stirred on to the bowls using a thick pin as if cooking. select trays were stacked together and then placed in a sieve machine where the dry grinded sand was stirred more on the machine for 2 minutes. After the 2 minutes the sand or sediments were poured on to the sieve trays which have different sizes of open holes measured in M, the top sieve tray had the biggest porosity and the bottom one had the smallest and was consisting of finest sand. When sieving was done the sieve trays were weighed again in order to obtain the mass of the sediment grains collected on the estuary. From the masses of the dishes the value of Phi () was calculatedPhi () = -log2 (d) d = Mass of a sieve / curtilageThe calculated phi was then used as a dependent variable in plotting graphs for distribution and the additive frequency that are displayed in the results. Phi ranged from -1 3.47 then the base.This was done for each zone I the four zones which were sampled. A small portion of sediments was collected In each zone of sampling was then place d into a petri dish and was examined by a light microscope for analyzing different types of minerals which were in each set of sediment zone by looking at their grain size, texture, and the mineral composition of the sand. This was done for each zone.The field observations are also confirmed by the graphs that in stick out 4 the mass content, sediment mean size goes from high to low from squelch zone 1 to back beach 1 showing that as one goes closer to the sea the sediment grain size of the sand and mass increases. Table 1 tells us that the back beach has more quarts e.g The back beach has the highest quarts. DISCUSSIONIt has been form out from figure 2 that the beach profile is divided into different zones, 4 zones were sampled at the mpenjati estuary namely swash zone 1, swash zone 2, back beach 1 and back beach 2. It was also be in figure 3, figure 4 and table 1 that the 4 zones have different mineralogical distributions and grain size. It was frame that the soil colour and texture of the sand changed from zone to zone. The sand was damp with and had shells, little fragments, oysters afflicted by waves and washed to the sand by wave deposit. The ripples indicated sophisticate direction and the wavelength of ripple was 6.5 cm. The deeper side of the ripples is gentle and shorter on the side of the ripples this is due to north east blow of the wind (Marshak, 2005)) The swash zone is a zone of constant deposition from the beach characterised by moderately to poorly sorted sediments as sediments of first deposition are sub angular with a grain shape of low sphericity compared to other zones in the beach (table 1). The long shore drift which passes across the beach water body creating wave sue energy is insufficient to carry these types of sediments (Shaffer, 2006).The reason why small sediments in size are in general found at the back beach (figure 3 and 4) is because the wave action slows down its energy in the swash zone so only small sediments in siz e can be carried towards the back beach leading to well sorted sediments with mature texture as high transportation ofsediments leads to re-deposition and re-transportation (Pipkin, 2007)). close together(predicate) to the sea were larger stones and burrows (figure 4) swash zone 1 had the highest mass content followed by swash zone 2 and the reason for this is because closer to the sea in that respect is more wind action (Shaffer, 2006). Crabs able to the environment with burrows. Quartz is the most stable sediment composition in the surface of the earth, compared to heavy minerals and feldspar (Marshak, 2008). Quartz and feldspar are dominant in all beach zones (Table 1) this is because they are primary didder minerals, they are found in parent rock e.g. granite which contains these two minerals (Schwarts, 2005). Since soil is the deposited by the chemical weathering of rocks, the minerals also are as a result that deposition. Feldspar makes about 60% of the earths impertinenc e (Marshak, 2005). Mineral sands contain suites of minerals with high specific gravity known as heavy minerals.They were found mostly on the back beach 2 (Table 1) and the swash zone 2 because the wind electric current was not strong enough to transport them away. Those that are found on the back beach 2 are probably deposited by the river inflow and that on swash zone 2 is deposited by the ocean current and cannot be transported further because they are resistant to wave action (Pipkin, 2001). The swash zone was found to have more shells (Table 1) and some broken up and there were smooth, dishaped stones (cables) because of wave action on heave and also pedals. Lithic fragments were found mostly the back beach (Table 1) and only one on swash zone 1 because they are light and easily transported by wave and wind action. In endpoint as the profile is divided into zones it was found that mineralogical distribution and grain size change across the zones of a beach profile. As one go closer to the sea the gran size becomes larger and there was found to be more mineralogical diversity to zones closer to the sea compare to zones closer to the estuary. Heavy minerals were found in zones closer to the sea and light minerals were found to zones far from the sea, this is all due to processes like wind and wave action.REFERENCESMarshak S.S., (2005). Earth Portrait of the satellite 2nd eds. W.W. Norton & Company, Incl., New York, London Marshak S.S, (2008). Earth Portrait of the planet 3rd eds. W.W. Norton & Company, Incl., New York, London Matthias (2012) et al, KOTLIK School, AK 9960. P.O BOX 20129, 8 JUNE 2012, The Nushagak Estuary Its Salmon resource, Potential Threat and proposed management plan.Pipkin B.W., et.al, 2001. Labaratory use in Oceanography, 3rd edition. USARon Uken 2011, UKZN WESTVILLE CAMPUS BIOL 231 PRACTICAL MANUAL (GEOLOGICAL COMPONENT)Schwartz M.L., 2005. Encyclopedia of coastal Sciences. Published by customs 16 June 2005Shaffer,R., (2006). The T ime of Sands Quartz-rich Sand Deposits as a renewable Resource. Electronic Green Journal, 1(24)1-35Whitfield A.K, J.L.B metalworker institute of Ichyology, Private Bag 1015 Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa published online 08 November 2010, 18 1-2, 89-103, DOLWhitfield A.K Maps and Locations of South African Estuaries Index, Generated by resource quality service 2003-08-08, 142528, S.A INDEX for aquatic Biodiversity.

How Far Did Henry VIII’s Reign Go in Beginning a New Era in Tudor Kingship

How far did henry VIIIs run begin a new era in Tudor kingship? hydrogen the ordinal and hydrogen the 7th were very different in many ways, their style of ruling and aims clearly had different intentions. Henry the ordinal ruled quite safely and avoided war as much as possible whilst being highly greedy and obsessive with money. Where as Henry the eighth was two-year-old and wanted to bring back the ring years and gain a strong reputation, willing to fight and go to war at alone costs, whilst being ruthless in punish custodyts. From the beginning of Henry the eighths reign salmagundis began to take place and perhaps a whole new era.Some aspects did stay the same from Henry the sevenths rule though. One obvious continuity was that the Tudor bloodline had been passed along, keeping the same family ruling England. Which eliminated quite a lot of threat from keen opposition. Henry the eighth was young and healthy which was a promising thought at the time for the public. The po sition of custody and women didnt change either, women still had barely any rights and could night speak their thoughts or argue with mens views. They were expected to do feminine activities and get children who were possible heirs to the throne.As Henry the eighth needed to produce at least one heir, he decided to marry Catherine of Aragon, (a Spanish princess) after many geezerhood of weighing out other options. He employmentd Catherine just like his acquire did to stabilise and unsex a sturdy relationship with Spain and improving foreign relations. Another factor that was kept the same were the bonds and recognisances amongst the crown and the nobility, which threatened a fine to the aristocracy if they werent to remain loyal to the king and flush it his trust. These were very unpopular with the nobility, but controlled factions being formed, eliminating threat yet again.A common characteristic with both Henry the eighth and seventh was their irrational behaviour with mon ey as they didnt control or use it very wisely. Henry the seventh splashed out on parties and extravagant entertainment, to up bemuse a sozzled reputation. When his password wanted to spend it on war and battles to gain back a strong and vivid reputation, when it wasnt affordable. Although some aspects stayed similar or the same, the majority of the transition was consistent of change. Henry the eighth was young and feisty, seen as a angelical and slightly ulnerable new face to the thrown bringing out vehemence from the public. His attitude was the opposite of Henry the sevenths, he wanted to bring back the glory days and looked up to role models such as, King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, to gain back a strong reputation. Unlike his father, Henry became very ruthless and wasnt afraid to sentence punishments and showed little mercy to those who betrayed his trust. One example of this was the death penalty of two of his fathers closest advisers, Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley.They were arrested on fictitious charges of treason, even though little prove existed. Henry wanted to show he wasnt taking any prisoners and so he penalize them a year later. They were involved in enforcing the bonds and recognisances so Henry soon became very popular with the nobility, as hed killed two of the people they hated the most. Whilst also maybe giving them the impression that he is more persuadable and naive as he is so young. Henry began changing his advises and councillors to men he could relate to better, like Thomas Wolsey, a very colourful character of the Tudor court and a trusting adviser to Henry.Henry began to rely on his advisers more to do the paperwork side of things and allowed them more independence. Whilst he was extremely active, unlike his father, and participated in sports of all kinds. Some say he was slightly more manipulated and persuaded in his younger years by his advisers compared to his father. One example may be when he was co nvinced to sign a peace treaty in 1510 with Louis XIII (king of France), by William Warham and Richard Fox. Their reasons were that war or an invasion on France would be too expensive and fruitless, despite Henrys wishes he signed the treaty anyway.Despite this it wasnt long before plans were make for an invasion Henry was actively seeking war and action so he was to be viewed as a strong king and willing to fight for his country. Very much unlike his Father who was gingerly and avoided war as much as possible. Henry also broke from the church in Rome, against his fathers views and beliefs. Over all I think the transition from Henry the seventh to Henry the eighth was mostly a new era. Although there were elements of persistence and continuity, the majority of Henry the eighths reign was consistence of change and he carried out a completely different attitude to what his father did.Henry the Seventh was greedy with his money, he wanted to be safe and cautious, avoiding war and conf rontation as much as he could, whilst transaction mostly with paperwork. He was ruthless when absolutely necessary but never exceeded in gaining a grim reputation. He was very unpopular with the public and I believe they were ready for someone feisty and fresh to take over the thrown like Henry the eighth. Who was not at all wanting to hold back from war or confrontation, he constantly looked for opportunities to fight and to bring back the glory days.Not particularly interesting in doing any paperwork until his later years as he actively participated in sports in his youth. He was ruthless and showed no mercy when coming to deciding peoples fait and punishment. He was also much more popular than his father at the beginning oh his years and his reputation was of a handsome young man, who was quite impressionable. This clearly shows the extent as to how different both Father and sons attitudes and style to kingship were and how the new era began to evolve. Aimee Fenton-Fearn

Rebellion or Reason in Amy Tan’s: Two Kinds

Rebellion or Reason in Amy Tans two Kinds In the short story Two Kinds, written by Amy Tan, the character Jing-Mei appears to be graybackling. But, what is she rebelling against? I savour she is rebelling against her mothers competitive relationship with her Auntie Lindo and her daughter, Waverly. She is struggling to establish her identity by intentionally not measuring up to her mothers standards. This in turn, allows her to enforce her boundaries.Jing-Meis mother cute the best for her she had very high hopes for her. Jing-Meis mother wanted the perfect child. She may deplete wanted this prodigy child, due to sibling rivalry. As the story begins, the stench of ongoing competition is make apparent when Jing-Meis mother snorts, What does Auntie Lindo Know (2)? There is an unspoken, but well known fully grown sister little sister, love-hate relationship which ironically, is very similar to the struggles that mothers and daughters experience.Younger children may look up to their older siblings and castigate to emulate them. And this is important since older children tend to influence the actions and behavior of younger siblings. Sibling rivalry or childhood conflict teaches us how to relate to others. If were struggling with adult sibling rivalry, our experiences can change how we air with our partner or our children. Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen, Adult Sibling Rivalry How It Starts- Fighting With Your Grown Brothers and Sisters, Time Magazine, July 10, 2006.This transgenerational feud was at the core of Jing-Meis mothers incessant desire for her to force Jing-Mei to become who she wanted her to be. Causing Jing-Mei to rebel and to also plead with her mother to see her and accept her for who she was. She gained strength each time she rebelled. I failed her so many times, each time asserting my own will, my right to fall short of expectations(79). She made the plectron to be herself and enabled herself to move beyond being a Pleading Child and into a woman pe rfectly Content.